No grammatical rule is determined solely by the need to avoid ambiguity, and one ought to delight in ambiguity wherever it is found to be possible without breaking a grammatical rule.
We are not quite sure what the Member means there, and frankly his "solely" sounds somewhat suspicious. Might we request an example?
In the mean time Members may wish to consider the following familiar cases:
- he was wearing new red socks and boots;
- railmen defy union order to stop coal shipments;
- he had better taste in films than girls;
- I didn't go because it was my birthday;
- I'll tell you when they arrive;
- if the lady is agreeable;
- fine old houses are demanding mistresses;
- he gave her dog biscuits.
The need for the disambiguation of all of these cases and indeed for the application of grammatical rules additional to the deficient ones that are used is both evident and pressing; nevertheless we seem to find ourselves somehow in agreement with the Member without knowing exactly what he means, because it is true that in no case may the need of the aforementioned supplementary applications be said to "
determine grammatical rules," solely or even part[ial]ly - although it may perhaps be said that the need arising from an excess of ambiguity does determine the
application of certain grammatical rules appropriate to each case.
Our own "tutorial
tête-à-tête" too in reply 479 is we suppose grammatically ambiguous in that it may be understood as either noun-adverb or adjective-noun. What we actually intended was adjective-noun, but here a disambiguation through grammatical clarification hardly changes the envisaged situation - which must in the end be the meaning of "meaning" must not it?
Partridge gives us what is perhaps his lengthiest entry - eight pages - under the head "ambiguity," and refers often to a) Jevons and b) Empson with his "seven types"; but
we prefer to turn to the limpid D.A. Cruse, who in his excellent "
Lexical Semantics" distinguishes these four:
1) Pure syntactic ambiguity:- old men and women [either (old men) and women, or old (men and women)]
- French silk underwear [either (French silk) underwear, or French (silk underwear)]
2) Quasi-syntactic ambiguity:- the cosmonaut entered the atmosphere again [either ([came to be] [in]) [again]], or [came to be] ([in] [again])]
- a red pencil [either a pencil painted red, or a pencil which writes in red]
3) Lexico-syntactic ambiguity:- We saw her duck
- I saw the door open
4) Pure lexical ambiguity:- He reached the bank
- What is his position?
Finally we list for the further information of interested Members Partridge's three remaining examples of the "misplaced only", besides Wittgenstein's:
1) Shakespeare's "mistake": "The summer's flower is to the summer sweet
Though to itself it only live and die."Correction:
"Though only to itself it live and die" is presumably what Partridge meant although he does not precisely say so.
2) Coleridge: "The wise only possess ideas; the greater part of mankind are possessed by them." Properly: "Only the wise." We are none too certain about his "are" either!
3) Chesterton: "His black cloak looked as if it were only black by being too dense a purple. His black beard looked as if it were only black by being too deep a blue." Properly : "black only" of course.